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Why market based economic dispatch (MBED) will be challenging for India?

What are the key features and challenges of the decentralized power market?Understanding Decentralized Electricity MarketThe decentralized markets are considered as such as they allow producers to use self-dispatch in the day-ahead market. This means that producers can choose how to deliver the comm

What are the key features and challenges of the decentralized power market?


Understanding Decentralized Electricity Market

The decentralized markets are considered as such as they allow producers to use self-dispatch in the day-ahead market. This means that producers can choose how to deliver the committed energy at an agreed location. They are also free to pay another producer to deliver the energy instead. This arrangement is also known as portfolio-based bidding. These markets have a clear acknowledgment that it is necessary to have a system operator with exclusive authority to manage the power system in real time, but its authority to intervene ahead of delivery is often limited to day-ahead scheduling of the transmission network. The sole purpose is minimizing the operator’s monopoly influence upon the electricity market. As system operators are less active in the decentralized markets, the separation of transmission ownership and system operations is less of an issue than for the centralized market structure. Further, the decentralized markets are far more flexible than centralized markets in which trading arrangements such as intra-day trading are easier rendering necessary support to the intermittent renewable power & new energies.

Another advantage of this market is that they are transparent, facilitate hedging and simplify market clearing. This clearly signifies that the decentralized market can be scaled up easily. However, the main issue with such markets are the zones tend to be too large.

The key features & challenges of the decentralized markets are:
• Flexibility
• Simplified market clearing
• Issues with continuous trading in intra-day markets
• Block orders & complex bids
• Inefficiencies due to zonal pricing


Mr. Ravi Shekhar, Director & Head, of Eninrac Consulting says “The proposed MBED mechanism is against the grain of decentralized and voluntary pool market design which was in line with the country’s concurrent regulatory structure. The decentralized system was more inclusive and consistent with federalized structure of India. Currently, around 87% of the India’s installed power capacity is tied up under long term PPA’s. The remaining 13% is represented by power markets of which nearly 6% is dealt through exchanges. Therefore, the GOI has declared its intent to deepen the power markets by increasing their share from 6% to 25% by 2024. Although, MBED is perceived as an effective tool for reinforcing and deepening power markets but is not in line with future of India’s power market which shall be dominated by RE and shall demand flexibility in nature w.r.t scheduling and dispatch hinting for a need of voluntary pool market, especially with more EV’s penetration being coupled as well”


What are the key features and challenges of the centralized power market?

In the centralized power market or a cooperative pool, producers forward cost-related information for each generation unit to the system operator. This is in general referred to as unit-based and capability-based bidding. The system operator under this market has full control of all production decisions also in the day-ahead market. Therefore, under this market structure the system operator normally takes nodal pricing into consideration when clearing in the day-ahead market. As depicted in the Exhibit 1. the centralized markets have been using nodal pricing wherein each node of the network will have a local market price. Thus, the dispatch is computed by minimizing the total cost of serving demand at each node in the network (or by maximizing the gains if the demand is elastic in nature) subject network constraints and availability. There possibly could exist 100’s or 1000’s of nodes in the network meaning 100’s/1000’s of local prices in the network. In a way centralized markets are like vertically integrated operations, and hence are referred as integrated electricity markets. The main or key advantage of the centralized market structure is that day-ahead dispatch is technically viable and ideally cost efficient.

The key features & challenges of the decentralized markets are:
• Bids are not exact representation of costs
• Discriminatory pricing and make-whole payments structure
• Financing make-whole payments
• Inflexibility
• Separated transmission ownership and system ownership
• Difficult to scale up and lack of transparency
• Cost-based electricity market

- Communications Team

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